VARIETY
Grow Panniyur - 1 which is an early bearing High Yielding
Variety capable of giving 3 to 4 times the yield of other local
varieties.
Grow Panniyur - 1 which is an early bearing High Yielding
Variety capable of giving 3 to 4 times the yield of other local
varieties.
CLIMATE
Pepper is a plant of humid tropical climate. An annual
rainfall of about 250 cms is required for its proper growth
and successful cultivation. It tolerates a minimum of 10 o C
and a maximum of 40 o C. Although pepper can be grown
from almost sea level to an altitude of 1,200 metres, lower
elevation may be preferable.
Pepper is a plant of humid tropical climate. An annual
rainfall of about 250 cms is required for its proper growth
and successful cultivation. It tolerates a minimum of 10 o C
and a maximum of 40 o C. Although pepper can be grown
from almost sea level to an altitude of 1,200 metres, lower
elevation may be preferable.
SOIL
Pepper can grown in clay loams, red loams and sandy
loams. However, it thrives best on well drained virgin soil
rich in humus content and other plant nutrients.
Pepper can grown in clay loams, red loams and sandy
loams. However, it thrives best on well drained virgin soil
rich in humus content and other plant nutrients.
PROPAGATION
Generally propagation of Black pepper is done from
cuttings. During the month of March- April, pepper cuttings
of 2 to 3 nodes length are put in the soil filled bamboo
basket or in perforated polythene bags fof initiation of
rootings. These cuttings are ready for planting in about 3
months.
Generally propagation of Black pepper is done from
cuttings. During the month of March- April, pepper cuttings
of 2 to 3 nodes length are put in the soil filled bamboo
basket or in perforated polythene bags fof initiation of
rootings. These cuttings are ready for planting in about 3
months.
RAPID MULTIPLICATION OF PANNIYUR - 1
ROOTED CUTTINGS
There are two methods of raising pepper cuttings in the
nursery as follows :-
Pits measuring 60 cms x 60 cms x 60 cms may be dug
at a distance of about 1.8 metre apart each way. The
pits may be filled in with well rotten cowdung and soil in
ratio 3:1 before planting. Three to four rooted cuttings
are generally planted in each pit. The growing shoots are
coiled on stakes planted at corners of the pit.
Pits 60 cms x 60 cms x 60 cms are dug at a distance
of 1 metre apart. Two or three rooted cuttings are
planted in each pit. One stake ia put at one end of each
pit and the cuttings are tied on the same for climbing. In
due course runners will extend from each cutting and the
nodes of these runners may be fixed in the dug soil and
stakes provided for each such point for support of the
pepper vines. Horizontal stakes may be provided to
connect the pits for climbing of the new shoots, coming
up from each point. The new shoots may be coiled on
the stakes.
By following the above methods a large number of cuttings
can be had within a short time.
Season of Planting
May – June
Methods of Planting
The pepper is a climber and hence it needs support of some
other plant (called standard) to climb. Many of the existing
trees in a garden such as arecanut, coconut, jackfruit,
mango and other forest trees can be used as the standard
or mother plant. When such plants are not available cuttings
of Erythrina Indica may be planted ahead of pepper cutting
season to be used as a standard. Pepper should be planted
at a distance of three to four metres from plant to plant on
either side. Pits measuring 0.5 m x 0.5 m x 0.5 m should be
dug on the northern or eastern side at a distance of 30 cms
away from the standard. With the onset of monsoon 2 to 3
rooted cuttings are to be planted in the pits prepared earlier
at the base of each standard. It is to be ensured that at least
one node of the cuttings goes underground and the upper
portion of 45 cms or more being made to rest on the
standard. The pits are then to be filled in with the soil mixed
with about 9 kgs of compost or well rotten cattle manure
and should be pressed hard to avoid water stagnation.
Adequate shade may be provided when the pepper plants
are young.
Cultural Operation
Rooted cuttings are to be tied up to the standard as
and when required till the vines get established firmly on the
standard. Two diggings around the standard and vines
should be given once in the month of August – September
and another in the months of October- November. The vines
should be earthed up along with the operation of digging. In
case of hill slope plantation, contour bunding and terracing
should be done to prevent soil erosion.
Panniyur – 1 is not a shade loving plant. Adequate sunlight
should be allowed to enter in the plantation area. Pruning of
the excessive foliage of the standard should be done before
flowering and fruiting of the pepper vine.
ROOTED CUTTINGS
There are two methods of raising pepper cuttings in the
nursery as follows :-
Pits measuring 60 cms x 60 cms x 60 cms may be dug
at a distance of about 1.8 metre apart each way. The
pits may be filled in with well rotten cowdung and soil in
ratio 3:1 before planting. Three to four rooted cuttings
are generally planted in each pit. The growing shoots are
coiled on stakes planted at corners of the pit.
Pits 60 cms x 60 cms x 60 cms are dug at a distance
of 1 metre apart. Two or three rooted cuttings are
planted in each pit. One stake ia put at one end of each
pit and the cuttings are tied on the same for climbing. In
due course runners will extend from each cutting and the
nodes of these runners may be fixed in the dug soil and
stakes provided for each such point for support of the
pepper vines. Horizontal stakes may be provided to
connect the pits for climbing of the new shoots, coming
up from each point. The new shoots may be coiled on
the stakes.
By following the above methods a large number of cuttings
can be had within a short time.
Season of Planting
May – June
Methods of Planting
The pepper is a climber and hence it needs support of some
other plant (called standard) to climb. Many of the existing
trees in a garden such as arecanut, coconut, jackfruit,
mango and other forest trees can be used as the standard
or mother plant. When such plants are not available cuttings
of Erythrina Indica may be planted ahead of pepper cutting
season to be used as a standard. Pepper should be planted
at a distance of three to four metres from plant to plant on
either side. Pits measuring 0.5 m x 0.5 m x 0.5 m should be
dug on the northern or eastern side at a distance of 30 cms
away from the standard. With the onset of monsoon 2 to 3
rooted cuttings are to be planted in the pits prepared earlier
at the base of each standard. It is to be ensured that at least
one node of the cuttings goes underground and the upper
portion of 45 cms or more being made to rest on the
standard. The pits are then to be filled in with the soil mixed
with about 9 kgs of compost or well rotten cattle manure
and should be pressed hard to avoid water stagnation.
Adequate shade may be provided when the pepper plants
are young.
Cultural Operation
Rooted cuttings are to be tied up to the standard as
and when required till the vines get established firmly on the
standard. Two diggings around the standard and vines
should be given once in the month of August – September
and another in the months of October- November. The vines
should be earthed up along with the operation of digging. In
case of hill slope plantation, contour bunding and terracing
should be done to prevent soil erosion.
Panniyur – 1 is not a shade loving plant. Adequate sunlight
should be allowed to enter in the plantation area. Pruning of
the excessive foliage of the standard should be done before
flowering and fruiting of the pepper vine.
MANURES & FERTILIZERS
Apply about 10 Kgs of well rotten cattle manure or
compost per vine per year during April- May.
Apply Ammonium Sulphate 500 gms, Super Phosphate 1
kgs and muriate of potash 100 gms. per year per vine in
the month of August – September.
Apply slaked lime at the rate of 500 gms per vine in
alternate year during April – May.
The manure and fertilizers should be applied around the vine
to a depth of about 15 cm at a distance of 30 cm from the
base and should be allowed to mix with the soil by a light
forking.
Apply about 10 Kgs of well rotten cattle manure or
compost per vine per year during April- May.
Apply Ammonium Sulphate 500 gms, Super Phosphate 1
kgs and muriate of potash 100 gms. per year per vine in
the month of August – September.
Apply slaked lime at the rate of 500 gms per vine in
alternate year during April – May.
The manure and fertilizers should be applied around the vine
to a depth of about 15 cm at a distance of 30 cm from the
base and should be allowed to mix with the soil by a light
forking.
PLANT PROTECTION
i) Insect pests
To control Flea-beetle and scale insect spray with Dimecron
85 EC at the rate of 4 teaspoonful in 1 kerosene tinful of
water at an interval of 12-15 days.
ii) Diseases
a) Slow wilt – Result in decaying of the roots followed
by yellowing and shedding of leaves and consequent
gradual death of the vines.
i) Insect pests
To control Flea-beetle and scale insect spray with Dimecron
85 EC at the rate of 4 teaspoonful in 1 kerosene tinful of
water at an interval of 12-15 days.
ii) Diseases
a) Slow wilt – Result in decaying of the roots followed
by yellowing and shedding of leaves and consequent
gradual death of the vines.
CONTROL
Drench the soil around the root zone of the affected
vines with 9-14 litres of a solution of Ceresan wet in the
strength of 1 gm per litre of water.
b) Quick-wilt - Infection usually begins on the stem at
the height of 30 cm from the base of the vine. The affected
bark often peels off, the leaves turn yellow, wither and drop,
leading to the sudden death of the vine.
Drench the soil around the root zone of the affected
vines with 9-14 litres of a solution of Ceresan wet in the
strength of 1 gm per litre of water.
b) Quick-wilt - Infection usually begins on the stem at
the height of 30 cm from the base of the vine. The affected
bark often peels off, the leaves turn yellow, wither and drop,
leading to the sudden death of the vine.
CONTROL
i)Spray Blue Copper - @ 15 teaspoonful per 20 litres of
water at an intervan of 12- 15 days.
ii)Drenching of the soil should be done as indicated on
the control of slow wilt.
i)Spray Blue Copper - @ 15 teaspoonful per 20 litres of
water at an intervan of 12- 15 days.
ii)Drenching of the soil should be done as indicated on
the control of slow wilt.
HARVESTING AND CURING
Harvesting starts from November and continues upto
March. Harvesting is done by hand picking the whole spikes
when one or two berry on the spike.
Harvesting starts from November and continues upto
March. Harvesting is done by hand picking the whole spikes
when one or two berry on the spike.
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